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Dr. Richard Bruno, HD, PhD.
Chairman of the International Centre for Polio Education
and author of The Polio Paradox
Hosts The Harvest Center’s Post-Polio Coffee House
We share his Tips and Tidbits of PPS information as he shares them online. Every issue of Bruno "Bytes" is available in PDF format at the bottom of this page, along with an Index that covers each article by Subject. Feel free to print and share these with other survivors.
We’ll bring it to you – safely, without links.
Dr. Richard Bruno, HD, PhD.
Chairman of the International Centre for Polio Education
and author of The Polio Paradox
Hosts The Harvest Center’s Post-Polio Coffee House
We share his Tips and Tidbits of PPS information as he shares them online. Every issue of Bruno "Bytes" is available in PDF format at the bottom of this page, along with an Index that covers each article by Subject. Feel free to print and share these with other survivors.
Bruno Bytes - March, 2018
On the topic of Hip Replacement (3/8/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: “Dual Mobility” Hip Replacement Reduces Risk of Dislocation. It appears to be a possibility for polio survivors with hip muscle weakness.
More than 330,000 total hip replacements are performed in the United States each year. Overall, it is a highly successful procedure. However, as with all surgeries, a risk for complications exists.
Dislocation is one of the most common complications after hip replacement and the number one reason for revision surgery. A study by Geoffrey Westrich, MD, research director of the Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), found that patients who received a newer implant known as a “dual mobility” hip replacement had zero dislocations. In comparison, study patients who received a traditional fixed bearing hip implant had a dislocation rate of 5 percent.
The research, which focused on patients under 55 years old, was presented today at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting in New Orleans. “We were especially interested in seeing how the younger patient population fared because they are generally more active and put more demands and stress on their hip after joint replacement, and this increases the risk of dislocation,” Dr. Westrich explained.
Although the concept of dual mobility was originally developed in France in the 1970s, the technology is relatively new in the United States. “Dual mobility” refers to the bearing surface of the implant - where the joint surfaces come together to support one’s body weight.
A hip replacement implant is a ball-and-socket mechanism, designed to simulate a human hip joint. Typical components include a stem that inserts into the femur (thigh bone), a ball that replaces the head of the thigh bone, and a shell that lines the hip socket.
“Dual-mobility hip components provide an additional bearing surface,” Dr. Westrich explains. “A large polyethylene plastic head fits inside a polished metal hip socket component, and an additional smaller metal or ceramic head is SNAP-FIT within the polyethylene head. Dual mobility means that there are two areas of motion, improving the range of movement and reducing the risk of dislocation.”
Dr. Westrich and colleagues compared the dual mobility system with the traditional fixed bearing system in two age-matched groups of patients who had a primary total hip replacement over the same time period. There were 136 patients in each group with a mean age of 48.
At three-year follow-up, the researchers found that the patients who received the dual mobility implant had no dislocations. In the group receiving the standard fixed bearing implant, seven patients, or 5.1 percent, had a dislocation and needed a revision surgery.
“Total hip replacement is increasingly being performed in younger patients,” Dr. Westrich said. “The results of our study are encouraging for this active, high demand group of patients and may lessen concerns for dislocation. More research is needed to see how dual mobility implants perform over the long term.”
On the topic of Opioid Pain Medications (3/13/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: I recently posted the study showing how taking the recommended doses of acetaminophen and ibuprophen together were equal to 5mg of oxycodone. Here's a follow-up to that study. Assuming your kidney and liver are doing what they should and your stomach can tolerate the irritation from the ibuprofen, this study suggest you can take the combination daily as described on the bottles. Oxycodone is an opiate/narcotic in its own right.
Percocet (or any -cet drug) is a narcotic plus tylenol. Percocet is oxycodone + acetaminophen. (Ultracet is tramadol + acetaminophen.)
The -cet drugs have been off the market or not prescribed because you can't control the dose of narcotic separate from the dose of acetaminophen, causing people take too much acetaminophen (making livers very unhappy) to get more narcotic.
For Arthritis Pain, Non-Opioid Drugs work as well as Opioids
By NICHOLAS BAKALAR MARCH 7, 2018
Opioids are no better than nonopioid pain relievers for treating the chronic pain of osteoarthritis,
a clinical trial has found.
Researchers randomized 240 patients with moderate to severe chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis to either an opioid (morphine, oxycodone or hydrocodone) or to nonopioid pain relievers (such as Tylenol, topical lidocaine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The study, in JAMA, used 11-point pain and function scales to measure the effect of treatment, with higher scores indicating poorer results. This is, the authors write, the first randomized trial of opioid therapy to report long-term pain and function outcomes.
At the end of 12 months, the opioid group scored an average 3.4 on the function scale, and the nonopioid group 3.3, an insignificant difference. On the pain scale, the nonopioid group did slightly better — 3.5, compared with 4.0 for the opioid group. Unsurprisingly, there were significantly more medication side effects in the opioid group than in those who took nonopioids.
“Should we use opioids if nonopioids don’t work?” asked the lead author, Dr. Erin E. Krebs of the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. She answered her own question: “No. We tried four different nonopioids — don’t give up on them too soon — and we should also be using exercise and rehab for most osteoarthritic pain.”
On the topic of Multiple Symptoms and PPS (3/15/2018)
Original Post: I have racing heartbeat all the time, loss of strength and muscle in my legs, weakness on left side of my body, unexplainable fatique, insomnia, trouble swallowing, no appetite and extreme anemia. At times my legs are very heavy and I have a hard time going up stairs. Could this be PPS ?
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Racing heartbeat all the time, insomnia, no appetite and extreme anemia are not PPS symptoms. You need to have them diagnosed since these symptoms may be causing some of your others. Please remember:
PPS is ALWAYS a Diagnosis of Exclusion.
On the topic of Sleep Studies and Sleep Apnea (3/15/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: Here’s another reason to get a sleep study and treat sleep apnea...
From the UCLA College of Nursing -
Sleep Apnea Study Finds Male-Female Differences in Cerebral Cortex Thickness, Symptoms
Article ID: 690985 Released: 12-Mar-2018 6:05 PM EDT Source Newsroom: UCLA School of Nursing
Researchers from the UCLA School of Nursing examined clinical records and magnetic resonance imaging brain scans of patients who were recently diagnosed with sleep apnea, and discovered several apparent connections between thinning of the brain’s cerebral cortex and apnea symptoms. The researchers also could discern distinct changes in brain structures and concurrent symptoms that differed between men and women. For example, more regions of the superior frontal lobe were thinner in women with apnea than men or control groups, which might explain enhanced cognitive deficits among women with the disorder. No sleep apnea patients showed any thickening of the cerebral cortex. In addition, overall cortical thinning could possibly lead to impaired regulation of the autonomic nervous system and associated impaired breathing function through the upper airway in these patients.
The Complete Article is available HERE
On the topic of Cleaning CPAP/BIPAP (3/15/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This is the best thing since sliced bread for cleaning CPAP/BIPAP. You just put the mask in the box and Viola it’s Clean! Click HERE for more information.
On the topic of a “Super Light” Power Wheelchair (3/17/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This is the NEW "Portashopper" super-light power wheelchair people love:
https://www.wheelchair88.com/product/pw-999ul/
On the topic of MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Exam) (3/18/2018)
Original Post: Here in the U.S., Medicare pays for a MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) at primary care checkups for everyone over 65. These tests ask questions like day & month, counting backwards and repeating simple words/phrases. Those results could in fact be skewed by PPS fatigue. Dr. Richard Bruno, HD., PhD. has given us a study that we can easily share with our primary care physicians.
CAUTION: False Positives in Polio Survivors with Post-Polio Sequelae Who Are Given Mental Status Examinations.
The article is available HERE:
On the topic of Anger (3/20/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This comment bears repeating.
The DANGER of ANGER!
by Tom Stein
Anger unexpressed accumulates and morphs into resentment.
Resentment becomes like radar and is always in a scanning mode in search for targets of opportunity.
Accumulated anger also invariably fuels disproportionate emotional responses.
Soon after disproportionate responses get exhibited, guilt feelings and self-blame are manufactured.
Get the anger out; a myriad of ways exists to accomplish that.
Even when anger is a legitimate emotional response we are entitled to have, it is not our friend.
On the topic of “Brain Fog” (3/21/2018)
Original Post: I did a book review for my book club. It was a challenging book and I was well prepared. This used to be easy for me but I talked cautiously and felt brain “foggy” at times. I just couldn’t think very fast. I generally feel my mind is good but I guess the stress of doing the presentation was too much.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Dr. Bruno’s Response: A polio survivor with “Brain Fog?” You’re not alone! Here in the U.S., Medicare pays for a MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) at primary care checkups for everyone over 65. These tests ask questions like day & month, counting backwards and repeating simple words/phrases. Those results could in fact be skewed by PPS fatigue.
Here are two articles you can share with your primary care physician:
CAUTION: False Positives in Polio Survivors with Post-Polio Sequelae, Who Are Given Mental Status Examinations.
and this article as well -
Post-Polio Brain Fatigue – Little Spots Mean A Lot.
On the topic of Pain and Depression (3/24/2018)
Original Post: I am going through a rough time right now, the pain and fatigue, weakness and depression are destroying my life. I spend at least 20 hours a day in bed with the pain. I don't know how much longer I can live like this. I take Oxycodone 10mg 4 times a day, Fentanyl patch every 3 days 75 mg, gababentin 600 mg 3 times a day plus Ativan for depression.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Ativan isn't for depression, it's for anxiety and can make you depressed. So can Oxycodone, Fentanyl and gababentin. You may be trying to treat pain but getting fatigue, weakness and depression as the result. Please see your physician.
On the topic of Exercise and Polio Damage (3/26/2018)
Original Post: Can I do intense exercises for my “good” upper limbs, back and belly because I am overweight ?
Dr. Bruno’s Response: I thoroughly addressed this issue in my article “Exercise: Use it or lose it.”
and please see this article "The Post-Polio Diet" as well.
On the topic of purchasing The Polio Paradox (3/21/2018)
Original Post: I'm having a problem finding how to purchase your book, The Polio Paradox. Post-Polio Library
at postpolioinfo.com. I see the cover there but it’s not the book.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: You’re right. Our website has the Video of the “POLIO PARADOX Book Tour” Podcast for download. The book THE POLIO PARADOX is available through both Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Your local book store can order it for you as well. I hope this helps.
On the topic of Physical Therapy and PPS (3/26/2018)
Original Post: I want to stop physical therapy until after I visit with my neurosurgeon. I know that I should not overuse my affected leg. But I also can’t do intense exercises for my upper limbs, my back and belly to lose weight. I am severely fatigued all of the time and feel that the PT is counterproductive. I am completely worn out.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: I would recommend that you listen to your body and STOP PT until the doctor visit. Once there tell the doc you are exhausted and ask exactly WHAT PT is being recommended and WHY it’s necessary.
Here are some outstanding guidelines for physical therapy. They were written by the PT who cared for Polio Survivors at The Post-Polio Institute for almost 10 years. Physical Therapy and PPS by Shanti Chacko Molayal
- - - - - -
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: “Dual Mobility” Hip Replacement Reduces Risk of Dislocation. It appears to be a possibility for polio survivors with hip muscle weakness.
More than 330,000 total hip replacements are performed in the United States each year. Overall, it is a highly successful procedure. However, as with all surgeries, a risk for complications exists.
Dislocation is one of the most common complications after hip replacement and the number one reason for revision surgery. A study by Geoffrey Westrich, MD, research director of the Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement Service at Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), found that patients who received a newer implant known as a “dual mobility” hip replacement had zero dislocations. In comparison, study patients who received a traditional fixed bearing hip implant had a dislocation rate of 5 percent.
The research, which focused on patients under 55 years old, was presented today at the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Annual Meeting in New Orleans. “We were especially interested in seeing how the younger patient population fared because they are generally more active and put more demands and stress on their hip after joint replacement, and this increases the risk of dislocation,” Dr. Westrich explained.
Although the concept of dual mobility was originally developed in France in the 1970s, the technology is relatively new in the United States. “Dual mobility” refers to the bearing surface of the implant - where the joint surfaces come together to support one’s body weight.
A hip replacement implant is a ball-and-socket mechanism, designed to simulate a human hip joint. Typical components include a stem that inserts into the femur (thigh bone), a ball that replaces the head of the thigh bone, and a shell that lines the hip socket.
“Dual-mobility hip components provide an additional bearing surface,” Dr. Westrich explains. “A large polyethylene plastic head fits inside a polished metal hip socket component, and an additional smaller metal or ceramic head is SNAP-FIT within the polyethylene head. Dual mobility means that there are two areas of motion, improving the range of movement and reducing the risk of dislocation.”
Dr. Westrich and colleagues compared the dual mobility system with the traditional fixed bearing system in two age-matched groups of patients who had a primary total hip replacement over the same time period. There were 136 patients in each group with a mean age of 48.
At three-year follow-up, the researchers found that the patients who received the dual mobility implant had no dislocations. In the group receiving the standard fixed bearing implant, seven patients, or 5.1 percent, had a dislocation and needed a revision surgery.
“Total hip replacement is increasingly being performed in younger patients,” Dr. Westrich said. “The results of our study are encouraging for this active, high demand group of patients and may lessen concerns for dislocation. More research is needed to see how dual mobility implants perform over the long term.”
On the topic of Opioid Pain Medications (3/13/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: I recently posted the study showing how taking the recommended doses of acetaminophen and ibuprophen together were equal to 5mg of oxycodone. Here's a follow-up to that study. Assuming your kidney and liver are doing what they should and your stomach can tolerate the irritation from the ibuprofen, this study suggest you can take the combination daily as described on the bottles. Oxycodone is an opiate/narcotic in its own right.
Percocet (or any -cet drug) is a narcotic plus tylenol. Percocet is oxycodone + acetaminophen. (Ultracet is tramadol + acetaminophen.)
The -cet drugs have been off the market or not prescribed because you can't control the dose of narcotic separate from the dose of acetaminophen, causing people take too much acetaminophen (making livers very unhappy) to get more narcotic.
For Arthritis Pain, Non-Opioid Drugs work as well as Opioids
By NICHOLAS BAKALAR MARCH 7, 2018
Opioids are no better than nonopioid pain relievers for treating the chronic pain of osteoarthritis,
a clinical trial has found.
Researchers randomized 240 patients with moderate to severe chronic back pain or hip or knee osteoarthritis to either an opioid (morphine, oxycodone or hydrocodone) or to nonopioid pain relievers (such as Tylenol, topical lidocaine or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). The study, in JAMA, used 11-point pain and function scales to measure the effect of treatment, with higher scores indicating poorer results. This is, the authors write, the first randomized trial of opioid therapy to report long-term pain and function outcomes.
At the end of 12 months, the opioid group scored an average 3.4 on the function scale, and the nonopioid group 3.3, an insignificant difference. On the pain scale, the nonopioid group did slightly better — 3.5, compared with 4.0 for the opioid group. Unsurprisingly, there were significantly more medication side effects in the opioid group than in those who took nonopioids.
“Should we use opioids if nonopioids don’t work?” asked the lead author, Dr. Erin E. Krebs of the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. She answered her own question: “No. We tried four different nonopioids — don’t give up on them too soon — and we should also be using exercise and rehab for most osteoarthritic pain.”
On the topic of Multiple Symptoms and PPS (3/15/2018)
Original Post: I have racing heartbeat all the time, loss of strength and muscle in my legs, weakness on left side of my body, unexplainable fatique, insomnia, trouble swallowing, no appetite and extreme anemia. At times my legs are very heavy and I have a hard time going up stairs. Could this be PPS ?
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Racing heartbeat all the time, insomnia, no appetite and extreme anemia are not PPS symptoms. You need to have them diagnosed since these symptoms may be causing some of your others. Please remember:
PPS is ALWAYS a Diagnosis of Exclusion.
On the topic of Sleep Studies and Sleep Apnea (3/15/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: Here’s another reason to get a sleep study and treat sleep apnea...
From the UCLA College of Nursing -
Sleep Apnea Study Finds Male-Female Differences in Cerebral Cortex Thickness, Symptoms
Article ID: 690985 Released: 12-Mar-2018 6:05 PM EDT Source Newsroom: UCLA School of Nursing
Researchers from the UCLA School of Nursing examined clinical records and magnetic resonance imaging brain scans of patients who were recently diagnosed with sleep apnea, and discovered several apparent connections between thinning of the brain’s cerebral cortex and apnea symptoms. The researchers also could discern distinct changes in brain structures and concurrent symptoms that differed between men and women. For example, more regions of the superior frontal lobe were thinner in women with apnea than men or control groups, which might explain enhanced cognitive deficits among women with the disorder. No sleep apnea patients showed any thickening of the cerebral cortex. In addition, overall cortical thinning could possibly lead to impaired regulation of the autonomic nervous system and associated impaired breathing function through the upper airway in these patients.
The Complete Article is available HERE
On the topic of Cleaning CPAP/BIPAP (3/15/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This is the best thing since sliced bread for cleaning CPAP/BIPAP. You just put the mask in the box and Viola it’s Clean! Click HERE for more information.
On the topic of a “Super Light” Power Wheelchair (3/17/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This is the NEW "Portashopper" super-light power wheelchair people love:
https://www.wheelchair88.com/product/pw-999ul/
On the topic of MMSE (Mini-Mental Status Exam) (3/18/2018)
Original Post: Here in the U.S., Medicare pays for a MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) at primary care checkups for everyone over 65. These tests ask questions like day & month, counting backwards and repeating simple words/phrases. Those results could in fact be skewed by PPS fatigue. Dr. Richard Bruno, HD., PhD. has given us a study that we can easily share with our primary care physicians.
CAUTION: False Positives in Polio Survivors with Post-Polio Sequelae Who Are Given Mental Status Examinations.
The article is available HERE:
On the topic of Anger (3/20/2018)
Dr. Bruno’s Original Post: This comment bears repeating.
The DANGER of ANGER!
by Tom Stein
Anger unexpressed accumulates and morphs into resentment.
Resentment becomes like radar and is always in a scanning mode in search for targets of opportunity.
Accumulated anger also invariably fuels disproportionate emotional responses.
Soon after disproportionate responses get exhibited, guilt feelings and self-blame are manufactured.
Get the anger out; a myriad of ways exists to accomplish that.
Even when anger is a legitimate emotional response we are entitled to have, it is not our friend.
On the topic of “Brain Fog” (3/21/2018)
Original Post: I did a book review for my book club. It was a challenging book and I was well prepared. This used to be easy for me but I talked cautiously and felt brain “foggy” at times. I just couldn’t think very fast. I generally feel my mind is good but I guess the stress of doing the presentation was too much.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Dr. Bruno’s Response: A polio survivor with “Brain Fog?” You’re not alone! Here in the U.S., Medicare pays for a MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination) at primary care checkups for everyone over 65. These tests ask questions like day & month, counting backwards and repeating simple words/phrases. Those results could in fact be skewed by PPS fatigue.
Here are two articles you can share with your primary care physician:
CAUTION: False Positives in Polio Survivors with Post-Polio Sequelae, Who Are Given Mental Status Examinations.
and this article as well -
Post-Polio Brain Fatigue – Little Spots Mean A Lot.
On the topic of Pain and Depression (3/24/2018)
Original Post: I am going through a rough time right now, the pain and fatigue, weakness and depression are destroying my life. I spend at least 20 hours a day in bed with the pain. I don't know how much longer I can live like this. I take Oxycodone 10mg 4 times a day, Fentanyl patch every 3 days 75 mg, gababentin 600 mg 3 times a day plus Ativan for depression.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: Ativan isn't for depression, it's for anxiety and can make you depressed. So can Oxycodone, Fentanyl and gababentin. You may be trying to treat pain but getting fatigue, weakness and depression as the result. Please see your physician.
On the topic of Exercise and Polio Damage (3/26/2018)
Original Post: Can I do intense exercises for my “good” upper limbs, back and belly because I am overweight ?
Dr. Bruno’s Response: I thoroughly addressed this issue in my article “Exercise: Use it or lose it.”
and please see this article "The Post-Polio Diet" as well.
On the topic of purchasing The Polio Paradox (3/21/2018)
Original Post: I'm having a problem finding how to purchase your book, The Polio Paradox. Post-Polio Library
at postpolioinfo.com. I see the cover there but it’s not the book.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: You’re right. Our website has the Video of the “POLIO PARADOX Book Tour” Podcast for download. The book THE POLIO PARADOX is available through both Amazon and Barnes & Noble. Your local book store can order it for you as well. I hope this helps.
On the topic of Physical Therapy and PPS (3/26/2018)
Original Post: I want to stop physical therapy until after I visit with my neurosurgeon. I know that I should not overuse my affected leg. But I also can’t do intense exercises for my upper limbs, my back and belly to lose weight. I am severely fatigued all of the time and feel that the PT is counterproductive. I am completely worn out.
Dr. Bruno’s Response: I would recommend that you listen to your body and STOP PT until the doctor visit. Once there tell the doc you are exhausted and ask exactly WHAT PT is being recommended and WHY it’s necessary.
Here are some outstanding guidelines for physical therapy. They were written by the PT who cared for Polio Survivors at The Post-Polio Institute for almost 10 years. Physical Therapy and PPS by Shanti Chacko Molayal
- - - - - -
- - - - -
"Casual Coffee Moments"
Would you like to see Dr. Bruno in "action" ?
The Video from his 2015 Conference is available HERE
- - - - -
"Casual Coffee Moments"
Would you like to see Dr. Bruno in "action" ?
The Video from his 2015 Conference is available HERE
- - - - -
"Post-Polio Fatigue" Log Here
- - - - - -
- - - - - -
Complete "Bruno Bytes" from Previous Months
(In easily printable PDF format)
(In easily printable PDF format)
2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
“Bruno Bytes” – How it all began
“Bruno Bytes” are published monthly, through a combined effort between Dr. Richard L. Bruno, HD, PhD. (biography above) and the Pa. Polio Survivor’s Network. They are answers to questions posted in the “Post-Polio Coffee House” (on Facebook). This partnership began in November, 2014.
From 1988 - 2010, Dr. Bruno was the Director of the first research and comprehensive treatment center for Post-Polio Sequelae. His multidisciplinary program included patients being seen by Dr. Bruno for behavioral psychotherapy, evaluation and treatment by a physiatrist (a rehabilitation physician), a registered dietitian, occupational and physical therapists.
His Doctorate is in psychophysiology, which included coursework in neurology, psychiatry, biomedical electronics, neuropsychology, psychopharmacology and neuroscience. In 1998, Springfield College awarded him a Doctor of Humanics, honoris causa .
Since beginning his work in 1982, Dr. Bruno has studied and treated more than 6,000 polio survivors.
Dr. Bruno is now the Director of the non-profit International Centre for Polio Education (postpolioinfo.com) advocating for and teaching polio survivors and medical professionals around the world about the cause and treatment of PPS.
“Bruno Bytes” help to teach polio survivors, spouses, caregivers and health care professionals about the many and varied topics related to the physical and emotional issues associated with having had polio and managing PPS.
“Bruno Bytes” are for education only and any personal treatment plan must be determined in association with a PPS knowledgeable health care professional.
“Bruno Bytes” are published monthly, through a combined effort between Dr. Richard L. Bruno, HD, PhD. (biography above) and the Pa. Polio Survivor’s Network. They are answers to questions posted in the “Post-Polio Coffee House” (on Facebook). This partnership began in November, 2014.
From 1988 - 2010, Dr. Bruno was the Director of the first research and comprehensive treatment center for Post-Polio Sequelae. His multidisciplinary program included patients being seen by Dr. Bruno for behavioral psychotherapy, evaluation and treatment by a physiatrist (a rehabilitation physician), a registered dietitian, occupational and physical therapists.
His Doctorate is in psychophysiology, which included coursework in neurology, psychiatry, biomedical electronics, neuropsychology, psychopharmacology and neuroscience. In 1998, Springfield College awarded him a Doctor of Humanics, honoris causa .
Since beginning his work in 1982, Dr. Bruno has studied and treated more than 6,000 polio survivors.
Dr. Bruno is now the Director of the non-profit International Centre for Polio Education (postpolioinfo.com) advocating for and teaching polio survivors and medical professionals around the world about the cause and treatment of PPS.
“Bruno Bytes” help to teach polio survivors, spouses, caregivers and health care professionals about the many and varied topics related to the physical and emotional issues associated with having had polio and managing PPS.
“Bruno Bytes” are for education only and any personal treatment plan must be determined in association with a PPS knowledgeable health care professional.
